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pH值 1

北极海洋油气，低温，海冰，脆弱生态，海洋工程装备 1

可降解塑料 1

山地社区 1

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意大利 1

气候变化 1

水文地质风险 1

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Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques

Wen-Qiang CHEN MD, Yun ZHANG MD, PhD, FACC,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 36-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0020-y

摘要： Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to thrombosis is the major cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Studies on the pathophysiologic mechanism of both ACS and plaque stabilizing treatment are driving the development of animal models of vulnerable plaque. In our laboratory, we established animal models of plaque rupture and thrombosis in rabbits and mice that are similar to human plaque rupture. Potential mechanisms involved in plaque vulnerability were studied from the inflammation-immunity, proliferation-apoptosis, oxidative stress and biomechanics aspects. Imaging markers and biomarkers were used to detect vulnerable plaques, including high frequency duplex ultrasound, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), intravascular ultrasound elastography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and inflammatory markers. Effective gene and drug strategies to treat vulnerable plaques were explored.

关键词： vulnerable plaque animal models mechani-sm detection treatment

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p-Cresyl sulfate promotes the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and induces plaque instability by

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 320-329 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0463-x

摘要：

Coronary atherosclerosis is a major complication of chronic kidney disease. This condition contributes to the increased mortality in dialysis patients. p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS) is a prototype of protein-bound uremic toxins that cannot be efficiently removed through routine dialysis procedures. In the present study, ApoE^−/− mice that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy were randomly divided into two groups, namely, vehicle-treated group (n = 20) and PCS-treated group (n = 20). Mice were sacrificed for en face and immunohistological analyses after 8 or 24 weeks of high-fat diet. Rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with phosphate buffer solution or 500 µmol/L PCS for in vitro evaluation. PCS-treated mice were observed to suffer increased atherosclerotic lesions after eight weeks of PCS administration. Moreover, 24 weeks of PCS administration also markedly increased the vulnerability index of aortic plaques. PCS was also observed to facilitate the migration and proliferation of VSMCs during the progression of the disease. Moreover, PCS disturbed the balance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases within the plaques. Thus, PCS played a vital role in promoting atherogenesis and disturbing the stability of formed plaques probably by targeting VSMCs.

关键词： p-cresyl sulfate atherosclerosis plaque stability vascular smooth muscle cell

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data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable

Xin Zou, Ke Chen, Jiawei Zou, Peiyi Han, Jie Hao, Zeguang Han

《医学前沿（英文）》页码 185-192 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0

摘要：

It has been known that, the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, which is considered similar to SARS-CoV and originated from Wuhan (China), invades human cells via the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Moreover, lung cells that have ACE2 expression may be the main target cells during 2019-nCoV infection. However, some patients also exhibit non-respiratory symptoms, such as kidney failure, implying that 2019-nCoV could also invade other organs. To construct a risk map of different human organs, we analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets derived from major human physiological systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and urinary systems. Through scRNA-seq data analyses, we identified the organs at risk, such as lung, heart, esophagus, kidney, bladder, and ileum, and located specific cell types (i.e., type II alveolar cells (AT2), myocardial cells, proximal tubule cells of the kidney, ileum and esophagus epithelial cells, and bladder urothelial cells), which are vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Based on the findings, we constructed a risk map indicating the vulnerability of different organs to 2019-nCoV infection. This study may provide potential clues for further investigation of the pathogenesis and route of 2019-nCoV infection.

关键词： 2019-nCoV ACE2 single-cell RNA-seq

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The main and added effects of heat on mortality in 33 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2013

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1681-5

摘要：

● The main and added effect from heat co-existed in China.

关键词： Heat Main effect Added effect Mortality Vulnerable population

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Role of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in chronic periodontitis diagnosis

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 72-76 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0347-x

摘要：

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. Any imbalance between the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted by neutrophils and tissue inhibitors initiates the destruction of collagen in gum tissue, leading to chronic periodontitis. This study aimed to correlate salivary levels of MMP-8 and periodontal parameters of chronic periodontitis to establish MMP-8 as a noninvasive marker for the early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. The study involved 40 subjects visiting the periodontic OPD of Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College and Hospital, located in Aligarh, U.P., India, from 2011 to 2012. The subjects were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 20 periodontally healthy subjects (controls) while group II consisted of 20 patients with chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis was assessed on the basis of several periodontal parameters, including pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Around 3 ml of unstimulated and whole expectorated saliva was collected for MMP-8 estimation by ELISA using Quantikine human total MMP-8 immunoassay kits. Data were analyzed using STATISTICA (Windows version 6) software. Salivary MMP-8 levels of groups I and II were 190.91±143.89 ng/ml and 348.26±202.1 ng/ml, respectively. The MMP-8 levels and periodontal status (PPD, CAL, GI, and PI) of groups I and II showed positive and significant correlations (for PPD, r = 0.63, P<0.001; for CAL, r = 0.54, P<0.001; for GI, r = 0.49, P<0.001; and for PI, r = 0.63, P<0.001). The results of this study demonstrate elevated concentrations of MMP-8 in individuals with chronic periodontitis.

关键词： matrix metalloproteinase-8 chronic periodontitis pocket probing depth clinical attachment level gingival index plaque index

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容易断裂的可降解塑料 Letter

杨栩旭, Jason Steck, 杨加伟, 王叶成, 锁志刚

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第5期页码 624-629 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.009

摘要：

可降解塑料可以在特定环境中发生降解反应。上述降解反应动态过程的表征，往往通过测量塑料的质量和力学强度随时间的变化来实现。然而在塑料受到非均质降解的情况下，以上表征方法所得到的结果具有不准确性。本文研究了一种非均质的降解过程：可降解塑料在化学和外力的共同作用下，其中的裂纹发生扩展。在外力作用下，裂纹被打开，裂纹尖端暴露于化学侵蚀作用下，使其扩展速率超过整体均质降解速率。本文以聚乳酸（PLA）降解中的裂纹扩展为研究对象。PLA是一种聚酯类塑料，包含可被水解的酯键。使用剪刀在PLA薄膜上引入初始裂纹，然后搭建装置将其撕裂，并用显微镜记录裂纹的扩展过程。最终发现在加载的能量释放率范围内，裂纹扩展速率对载荷的变化不敏感，却对湿度和pH值具有较高的敏感性。这些发现将有助于可降解塑料的发展，并在医疗行业和环境可持续性发展方面具有重要意义。

关键词：可降解塑料水解反应 pH值裂纹扩展

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极地海洋工程装备的应用现状及关键技术分析

师桂杰,冯加果,康美泽,张正艺,刘圆

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 144-152 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.021

摘要：

极地海洋工程装备是我国参与北极海洋油气开发的主要平台与实力象征。我国极地海洋工程装备设计建造与配套能力难以得到认可，这与造船大国地位不匹配，迫切需要寻求解决方法。本文分析了我国对极地海洋工程装备的发展需求，梳理了极地海洋工程装备的应用现状，提炼极地海洋工程装备的关键技术，总结我国极地海洋工程装备存在的问题。最后，本文提出成立“北极海上油气勘探开发共性关键技术研发及应用创新”专项，设立“极地海洋油气工程技术国际研发中心”，成立“中俄北极能源合资公司”等发展建议。围绕北极开发能力与环境保护能力的协调发展，本文研究为我国发展极地海洋工程装备提供参考，为我国跻身俄罗斯北极油气开发业务提供指导。

关键词：北极海洋油气，低温，海冰，脆弱生态，海洋工程装备

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环境数据的获取、精细化和整合——在意大利西北部脆弱山地社区诺瓦莱萨的初步应用 Article

Massimiliano Lega, Marco Casazza,Laura Turconi, Fabio Luino, Domenico Tropeano, Gabriele Savio, Sergio Ulgiati, Theodore Endreny

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 635-642 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.011

摘要：

气候条件影响了山地社区的社会经济发展，特别是易发生高山斜坡破坏和泥石流等自然灾害的山区，气候因素将发挥重要的影响作用，因此在制定适当的可持续发展方案时应考虑到气候因素。同时，气候变化改变了生态系统服务（ES）功能，使得土壤肥力下降、水资源供应减少、草地面积减少、监管服务（如防止自然灾害）和文化服务发生潜在转变。本研究以意大利阿尔卑斯山区为研究区域进行初步讨论，该地区经历过极端降水和侵蚀，社区的发展十分依赖于对自然资源的直接利用。初步研究结果表明，经济因素影响了诺瓦莱萨社区（位于意大利西北部的皮埃蒙特地区）过去的人口变化趋势。然而，由气象气候因素引发的岩崩和泥石流事件的数量不断增加，可能会进一步影响社区人们的生计。因此，环境监测和数据分析对于辨识景观和气候变化的趋势并选择适当的规划方案是很重要的，这有助于将山地社区人口维持在全球人口的10%左右，这也是贫困地区未来经济发展的一个重要机遇。

关键词：环境数据精细化气候变化山地社区意大利恢复力社会生态系统水文地质风险